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lord of the rings DOES NOT HAVE THAT PLOT HOLE

December 7, 2019

Okay, so I keep hearing this argument pertaining to the Lord of the Rings that there’s this huge plot hole They just could have taken the hawk people all the way to Mordor and then that would have solved all of their problems in like the first movie bitch The Hawks are in fact sentient creatures They have their own will and their own desires and like they helped a brother out They saved their lives Frodo is fine because of these Hawks Why is it not enough for you to have your life saved one time? It’s such a plot hole that they didn’t use this obvious resource who the fuck wants to go to Mordor, not me Not the Hawks Hawks have some better shit to do with their days and like, okay This is coming from a place where like I’ve read the book and in the book, it literally says Gandalf proclaimed This is as far as they shall go or something similar don’t come for my brand Gandalf literally explains Hey, the Hawks don’t want to go any further Why why it’s just so confusing to me that people still talk about this is like a problem with the Lord of the Rings It’s not I also have you considered how little the Hawks could probably like do to defend themselves in Mordor Like we know that they can transport people and they’re huge and they do save was it Bilbo in The Hobbit at one point But like still six birds against the greatest evil middle-earth has ever known. No dude birds. Stay home Literally, they have half of middle-earth helping them assisting in the journey trying to defeat this great evil everybody Just getting caught up on the birds fuck move on or should I move on the movies like 15 years old It’s really not that big of a deal. It just bothers me. Fuck your plot holes I love Lord of the Rings Frodo’s ring bearin ass got enough help anyway I rewatched the movie recently Sam does 90% of the work Frodo just like walking along Complaining getting overtaken by the ring and having a seizure every once in a while. Meanwhile Sam is just chillin doing his job Totally could have just done the whole thing by himself It probably would have gone faster would have been done three months earlier But Frodo must bear the weight fuck that Sam wise for the chosen one 2019. What can you do? You

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that one weekend when you try to get your life together

December 6, 2019

so I have a lot of adult bullshit to do
today this trash has been here for two weeks this is just from fucking yesterday
we don’t even have time to unpack everything that’s happening over here
there hasn’t been a sheet on this bed in two months and then this is just like
been here in my defense it’s mostly just clothes but also it’s just there’s
always clothes like there’s never not clothes right there it’s a situation
hair greasy no bra living large lookin fucking nasty let’s fix it its days like this where i always struggle with whether or not to put on makeup because like makeup makes me feel like beautiful strong powerful productive but I’m also
not going anywhere so who cares I think I can just be ugly today so I haven’t
gotten the mail in like three weeks i’m literally about to bring this bag
because I’m actually afraid of how much shits gonna be in there vlogging in
public still makes me very nervous so I’m hoping I don’t see any like human
beings so that was somehow a disaster i couldn’t get my mailbox open and there was a dude smoking right next to the mailbox watching me
and my giant camera struggle to our mailbox for five minutes can you
open it you contribute nothing you hear me nothing hi kids saturday Jackie here i ended up spending most of yesterday night working on shit on my computer and thats just like not at all interesting did manage to get a few things done oh what’s that what’s right
there oh it sure looks like no trash oh do my eyes deceive me is that clean
laundry oh and what’s that oh that’s the trashcan where most of our mail went to
that’s right I managed to get into it just kidding my boyfriend came home and
opened it for me today I had plans to go eat a meal with
my friend Kirk Kirk currently lives an hour away from me it’s not his fault I’m
the one who moved still that’s a little ways it’s kind of
far to go just to eat a meal with somebody but we’ve been friends for 11
years now and sometimes friendship like that you just gotta treat it like
marriage it just takes work sometimes so I’m
gonna drive that hour to go see my platonic husband and we’re gonna get a
fucking burger because I love him come along for the journey [incoherent screaming] can i help you no theres more things happening over there that’s far more
interesting I can’t wait to make dial-up noises so I can like walk away from
people as I’m like rewinding my way out of the situation [chaotic dial-up sounds] crushed it thanks

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I Got a Haircut from One of Yelp’s Worst-Rated Barber Shops | One Star Reviews

December 6, 2019

Don’t move, don’t move. If these were sheers I’d cut the skin. You’re not going to remove them right? You’ll just make them nice? Stay still, don’t move. It won’t hurt. Don’t move.Nice sneakers.Thanks man. I like your shoes too.Hello, and welcome
back to One Star Reviews.My hair is growing a bit long.I haven’t had a haircut probablyin about three months.It’s beginning to go over the ears.Definitely going to want thisbeard groomed because, as you cansee, it’s quite unruly.Also, I’m probably going to tryto get the eyebrows done becausethey’re feeling a little crazy.I guess you could say we’re justgetting the works and hopefullythey don’t cut my ear off.Welcome to One Star Reviews.Today, getting a haircut.Alright.So far I’m seeing a lot of five stars.Couple four and a halfs.And I’m going to go all the wayto page nine.So, I’ve just stumbled upon Alex Barbershop, and they seem likethey have a bunch of one star reviews.I asked for a standard boy cut,but they shaved my
little boy’s whole head!If your kid needs a haircut,I strongly suggest
that you don’t come here.When the owner saw
me with the stroller,he didn’t even offer
helping me at the stairsand was rude from the start.So, apparently they’re really awful with kids at this place. But I’m not really a kid anymore. So.Alex this one’s for you.Go fuck yourself.– You fucking fuck.
– I didn’t give him a tipbecause of the false advertisinghe got my face and threatened to– “take it outside.”
– He will not listen toyou. Let me repeat that: he will– not listen to you.
– He bragged duringthe haircut that he could beat– anybody up and how tough he was.
– He asked whothe last person to cut my hair was…And it was him!Okay. Okay.If you get the dad,it’s going to be a bad cut.If you get the son,
it’s gonna be a bad cut.And I’m going to go and test all of their skills. From the hair, to the eyebrows, to the beard. Let’s do this.So, Alex Barbers,is a family owned business, runby a father and son with equallybad reviews.I’m unable to makean appointment so I’m rollingthe dice and we’ll just see who I get.We’ve arrived uptown and we sent our producer in and he’sbeen in there for a while so I’ma little scared.I hear that the guy won’t put amicrophone on. I hope everything works out because I really want this haircut.After some pleading, I wasgranted entry but under strictrules: just a cut and
a 15 minute window.– Hi, how are you?
– Hi. How’s it going? – It’s good. You want a haircut?
– I’m Taji. Do you have any
photos I can check out? Sure, there’s a lot of photos.30 is good, too.Do you think 30 is good?That’s pretty nice.No way was I going for the 30.I don’t want to kids cut,especially not in here aftersome of the reviews I’ve read.Oh, you know what one I like? Can you– Do you think
you can do a number 20?I like that.Yeah.You could do the beard like that?Cool.With the look fully locked in,I was ready for mytransformation.Not a kid, huh?What’s up? Not a kid. Nah, I’m not a kid. Huh? You said, “Not a kid?” No, a lot of hair. Oh, lot of hair. Oh, sorry. Do you cut– Do you
cut this guy’s hair? Yeah. – It looks pretty good. Not bad.
– It’s good. Alright. He’s a good guy. Did you hire him to come here? So it looks like you did a good job? Have you ever done like, a design? Design? Yeah. I’ll make a V in the back. A V? If you want I’ll do a Z.
It’s a new style, 2019. Yeah?2017, D.That’s too old, no good. Okay. What do you think? I think the V can be cool. So, you do people of all ages? – You know, never a problem?
– Yeah, I’m doctor for this, doctor. Cool. Maybe professor sometimes. Somebody uses one blade for one day. I change for everybody. – Really?
– New one, new one. Yeah, that seems best. Probably more sanitary to change – the blade definitely.
– Don’t move, okay? Okay.So, you do a few differentthings at this barbershop, not just the hair?Shoe repair, cleaners, everything. Sorry, I think I have a hair – in my mouth.
– Sometimes cooking too, egg and cheese. Sorry, I think I just
have a little hair here. Thank you.So far so good.But the antique headrest wasstarting to dig into the back ofmy head.But while I had Alex Barber’sundivided attention.
Sorry, I just got to rest. One sec. Is this like a– Sorry, okay. We’re good.It felt like the perfecttime to get his feedback onsome of the negative reviews.So, I was checking
out a few in the reviewssomeone mentioned, I don’t know, thatit wasn’t a great place for kids?And they said something about like,if you use scissors it could more?I mean you seem pretty nice, I’m just wondering why– maybe – where they got the idea.
– Okay, don’t talk. Is there any sort of like thing – you could– Okay.
– Go back, go back, go back.The headrest issue was
distracting me from my mission.So, I was excited for the luxurypart of the experience: the headmassage.Massage. Alright. Chinese massage. There’s like, a hard
thing behind me though. Is this this like kind of– We’re gonna see how
much tip you give me now, Nice. after that. Before no. No, go back. Tough customer. Whoa, that’s nice. Yeah… I told you, if you give
me something, you know?They had gone to the
effort of putting a sign updeclaring the people of Yelploved them.Perhaps they had beenmisrepresented and these reviewswere actually just from a bunchof annoying customers.Have you ever had any annoying customers ever though
you have to deal with? No. If you’re hungry with no lunchtime. That’s about it? Yeah. If you have no
lunch and no breakfast, maybe somebody. That’s why I’m working fast, you know? Got get ready for lunch. Yeah. – So that way you don’t–
– Not me, not me. – Oh I see. Customers.
– Customers. So, as long as the customers had lunch usually they’re alright. If you have no lunch, no tea, this… you know? Are you ready for this? Whoa. You weren’t playing games with the V. Nice. Could we get a photo? Thank you.Alex had honored me with my own veryplace on the photo board.This is it. Is this where we go our separate ways?With my fresh new look, I foundan opportunity to talk to Alex’sson and colleague about onereview in particular that wasreally getting to me.Parents came in giving atechnology, phone, and the barber got distracted, you know, because the kid will not pay attention. So, the barber cut its– the finger. He told the parent,
“Take the phone, put it away.”But he thinks like Starbucks,you know, add some vanilla,
add some this. This or that. But a simple haircut. You
say which one and we do it.For sure.The chairs are comfortable so youdon’t have to sit in
those other salons.Not a kid, huh?Yeah, number 20. Make you feel like,
chilled out, you know? For sure.I was definitely off to a rockystart when showing
up at Alex Barbershop.I asked him about some of thenegative reviews, which hedeflected as if they were allpositive.Perhaps he is living in his ownworld, where all he is here to dois cut hair and not worry aboutpleasing anyone.Understandable.I was there to get my hair cutand that is what he did, and ahell of a job at it.The fade is on point, and the V inthe back was a nice added 2018flare, according to Alex that is.However, I was extremelyuncomfortable the entire time, asthe sharp head rest dug in theback of my neck.At the end,I got to chat with his son, whogave me more insight on thenegative reviews.People definitely do overreactand take things to heart whensometimes the barber is not to blame.Alex’s dedication of barbertradition and attention todetails was definitely impressive.Even though I felt asif I could be kicked out at anygiven moment,I do not regret the experiencebecause I got an awesome haircut.Hey, maybe barbers are notsupposed to be nice.If you do go there, keep your mouth shut, don’t complain about the prices, don’t take out your cell phone, and you’ll get a good cut.Easy to find a nice
Chinese girlfriend.Maybe. Chinese girl is good. Don’t lose money too much. Is this the kind of haircut, you think, potentially a
Chinese girl could like?Yeah.

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How-To Make Kombucha

December 4, 2019

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Log in – Status Kill

December 1, 2019

THEME SONG: Post your
status kill. -[SNIFFS] Open Nav. [ELECTRONIC STARTUP NOISE] -I count six of them,
including the VIP. The others are low priority. 2,000 meters and counting. -Weapons? -Looks like standard
munitions. But be advised, those escorts
are multinational mercs posed as locals. -And the VIP? -That’s Richard Header,
AKA The Spam King. A former CIA agent turned
rogue for hire. He systematically shut down two
small countries with email spam attacks. He’s on his way on foot to
avoid detection to an underground data center
where he hopes to shut down a small US bank. -Copy. -1,900 meters and counting. Denton, did you remember to
map your exit strategy? 1,800 meters and counting. Have you assigned appropriate
rations? 1,700 meters and counting. Did you fill out section 539
with your updated coordinates? Your paperwork has been
a little slow, Denton. 1,600 meters and counting. You need to fill out
the proper forms. We have an 0400 meeting with
four field agents. We need to know your status. Denton, you may have to
work this weekend. 1,500 meters. We need you to fully
commit to your job. Denton. Denton. -BRB. -Uh, wait. What? -Log in. ELECTRONIC WOMAN’S VOICE:
Logging into TweetFaceSter. -Z’oh my god, Sparky! I’ve missed you. You’ve been offline for,
like, an hour. -I know. My boss is being a total dick. -Yeah, I hates dat. Sparky, when you gonna
come see me finally? -Soon, I hope. I’ve been waiting on
my vacation time. -I thought at least I could
talk to my computer. That it would listen to me. Life sucks. -What’s wrong now, Robert? -Aw, does somebody
need a man hug? [OMINOUS MUSIC] TRACY (OFFSCREEN): Why is it
every time I get a new boyfriend he ignores me? -‘Cause he isn’t a real BF. You’ve never met him. -Tracy, I am very
busy at work. Can we not do the drama
thing now, please? TRACY (OFFSCREEN): Whatevs. Maybe Allison is right. I mean we’ve never met, and
yet we are in a committed relationship. -I understand, but I take
everything I say online very personally and I mean
every word of it. -Anyway, Sparky109, you
guys are all dogs. -Wait, what? I don’t even know
you, Allison. -Well that’s what you get for
posting on my friend’s wall. It’s public. Dur! Next time, get a private
message room. ELECTRONIC VOICE: Diego suggests
you become a fan of– -(SINGING) O’er the
land of the free– -Denton, they’re practically
right on top of you. What is your status? -Bored at work. Is it 5 o’clock yet? ROBERT (OFFSCREEN): I
dunno what’s wrong. I still can’t find the
Finder on my new Mac. -That’s because the only thing
you can do with a Mac is take it to the Apple Store and
let a Genius fix it. Lols. -Hey, it’s better than
the alternative. After 40 years, PCs
still don’t work. -Windows 17 is going
to fix everything. Just take it in, Robert. -I’d wipe that man jizz off
the screen before you bring it in, dude. -Thanks. Sarcasm. [GUN COCKED] -Hey, you guys hear
this girl yet? She is awesome. -(SINGING) Land of the free– -Denton, they’re right
on top of you. Take the shot. Take the shot. -Captain! -Run! -Captain! -Go! [GUNFIRE] -Run for it! -Whoa! -Well, this is awesome. -Movin’ out! -Go! -Move it! -Move it out! -Go. THEME SONG: Post your
status kill.

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How Star Wars Revenge Of The Sith Should Have Ended

November 27, 2019

Something wonderful has happened! Ani… I’m pregnant. *gaaaaasp* I’m gonna be a father?! Shh! What are you doing? I’m so happy! Quiet! Everyone, I’m gonna be a father! My secret wife is pregnant, and she’s gonna have a baby! Master Windu! Have you heard the news?! Yoda, where you at? I’m gonna be a father! How Star Wars Revenge of the Sith Shoud Have Ended The chancellor wants me to be his personal representative on the jedi council. *yoda giggle* Uhhh… no. Why not?! Uh because we elect our own members? And because Dooku told Obi-Wan the senate was under the control of a sith lord! Oh yeah! I forgot about that. Back away! I will deal with this jedi slim myself! Your move! Haha! I’m just kidding. Everyone shoot this fool! I immediately regret my decision! Hahahaha! *coughs* We will watch your career with great interest! Good Anakin good! … Kill him. The darkside of the force is a pathway to many abilities… some consider to be unnatural. You’re the sith lord! Well it’s about time you figured that out! I’ve been dropping hints like crazy! I am a slow learner. I’m gonna turn you over to the jedi council. Of course you should. But you’re not sure of… wait! Where are you going? I’m calling them right now! No! NO! Master, I’ve discovered a terrible truth! The chancellor is a sith lord! A sith lord?! Yes master. He’s trying to tempt me with the dark side! Help me, Anakin! The jedi are taking over! Why are you shocking yourself!? Help me! I can help you save Padme! He’s… very effective. Please hurry. Don’t let him leave! Okay! Now I know you think just whipping out your lightsaber makes you look intimidating! But this is possibly a sith lord we’re talking about! So whatever you do… don’t just let him slowly stab you or something stupid like that! Expect severe resistance! Understand? We are jedi MASTERS for crying out loud! Got it? Got it. It’s treason then. Raaaaaaaagh! Yeah! That’s what I’m talking about! At last… The lord of the sith is destroyed. Ooooh hessa not the lord of the sith. Messa the lord of the sith! Messa Darth Jar Jar! And youssa in BIG doo doo this time! AGGGGH! Enough is Enough! I’ve had it with these nerf herding sithlords in this nerf herding senate! And then, your mother DIDN’T die in child birth… and I knew all my nightmares were just a trap. It was a trap? Yep. It was a trap. Then what happened? And then the war was over! The senate voted for a new chancellor… the clones all got new jobs… all the jedi lived… and mommy and daddy lived happily here on naboo. Yay! I like that story, Daddy! Aww. I feel like maybe it ruins a better follow up storyline. Ha ha ha! It probably does. *laughter* I HAVE A FAMILY! It’s over Anakin! I have the high ground! Well now you have the lava ground! Whoa! Whooa! Lava ground! Stop it! Lava ground! Stop it! Lava Ground! Stop it, Anakin! From my point of view you have the lava ground! Okay I get it!

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How The Stock Exchange Works (For Dummies)

November 26, 2019

What is the Stock Exchange
and how does it work? The Stock Exchange is nothing more
than a giant globally network tend to organize the market place where every day
huge sums of money are moved back and forth. In total over sixty trillion (60,000,000,000,000)
Euros a year are traded. More than the value of all goods and services
of the entire world economy. However it’s not apples or second hand
toothbrushes that are traded on this marketplace. But predominantly securities. Securities are rights to assets,
mostly in the form of shares. A share stands for
a share in a company. But why are shares traded at all? Well, first and foremost the value of a share
relates to the company behind it. If you think the value of
a company in terms of a pizza. The bigger the overal size of the pizza,
the bigger every piece is. If for example Facebook is able to greatly
increase its profits with a new buisness model. The size of the companies pizza will also increase,
and as a result so will the value of its shares. This is of course great for the share holders. A share which perhaps used to be worth 38 euros
could now be worth a whole 50 euros. When it’s sold this represents
a profit of twelve euro per share! But what does Facebook gain from this? The company can raise funds by selling
the shares and invest or expand it’s buisness. Facebook, for example, has earned sixteen billion
dollars from it’s listing on the Stock Exchange. The trading of shares though,
is frequently a game of chance. No one can say which company
will preform well and which will not. If a company has a good reputation,
investors will back it. A company with a poor reputation or poor
performance will have difficulty selling its shares. Unlike a normal market in which goods
can be touched and taken home on the Stock Exchange only
virtual goods are available. They apear in the form of share prices
and tables on monitors. Such shareprices can rise
or fall within seconds. Shareholders therefore have to act quickly
in order not to miss an opportunity. Even a simple rumor can result in the demand for
a share falling fast regardless of the real value of the company. Of course the opposite is also possible. If a particularly large number
of people buy weak shares. Because if they see for example
great potential behind an idea. Their value will rise as a result. In particular young companies
can benefit from this. Even though their sales might be falling,
they can generate cash by placing their shares. In the best case scenario this will result in
their idea being turned into reality. In the worst case scenario, this will result in a
speculative bubble with nothing more than hot air. And as the case with bubbles,
at some point, they will burst. The value of Germany’s biggest thirty companies
is summarized in what is known as the DAX share index. The DAX shows how well or poorly
these major companies and there by the economy as a whole
are performing at the present time. Stock Exchange is in other countries
also have there own indices. And all of these markets together
create a globally networked marketplace. Subtitles by the Amara.org community

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Overpopulation – The Human Explosion Explained

November 26, 2019

Never before in history, have there been so many people on Earth as right now. Our numbers have skyrocketed, from 1 billion in 1800, to 2.3 billion in 1940, 3.7 billion in 1970, and 7.4 billion in 2016. The world population increased fourfold in the last century, so what can we expect for the next century? And what does population growth mean for our future? Will there be mass-migration? Overcrowded slums and megacities covering continents? Diseases and pollution? Chaos and violence over energy, water, and food? And a human species focused only on sustaining itself? Will population growth destroy our way of life? Or is this prophecy just ungrounded panic? In the 1960s population growth reached an unprecedented rate. Which lead to apocalyptic prophecies. The poor would pro-create endlessly and overrun the developed world. The legend of overpopulation was born. But it turns out high birth rates and the population explosion are not permanent features of some cultures or countries, But rather a part of a four step process the whole world is going through, The demographic transition. Most developed countries have already made the transition, while other countries are doing it right now. Let’s go back to the 18th century, when the entire world, including Europe, was in the first stage of the demographic transition. By today’s standards, Europe was worse off, than a developing region, suffering from poor sanitation, poor diets, and poor medicine. A lot of people were born, but lots of them died just as fast, so the population hardly grew. Women had between 4 and 6 children, but only 2 of them would reach adulthood. Then the industrial revolution happened in the UK and bought the greatest change in human living conditions since the agricultural revolution. People went from being peasants to workers. Manufactured goods were mass produced and became widely available. The sciences flourished and advanced transportation, communication, and medicine. The role of women in society shifted and created the conditions for their emancipation. Slowly this economic progress not only formed a middle class, but also raised standards of living and health care for the poor working population. The second transition stage started. Better food supplies, hygiene and medicine, meant people stopped dying all the time, especially so, at a very young age. The result was a population explosion. Doubling the UK’s population between 1750 and 1850. The main reasons families used to have lots of children was that only a few of them were likely to survive. Now that had changed, so the third stage of transition was set in motion. Fewer babies were conceived, and population growth slowed down. Eventually a balance emerged, fewer people were dying and fewer children were born, so the death rate and birth rate became stable. Britain had reached the fourth stage of the demographic transition. This didn’t only happen in the UK, more and more countries went through the four stages. First, many births and many deaths due to bad living conditions. Second, better living conditions leading to fewer deaths and a population explosion. Third, fewer deaths resulting in fewer births, and population growth came to an end. But if birth rates have dropped so much, why is the population still growing so fast? Well, the children born in the population explosion of the 70s and 80s are having kids themselves now. Leading to a noticeable spike in overall population. But they are having far fewer children on average than their parents. The average today is 2.5, it was 5, 40 years ago. So as this generation gets older, and fertility declines further, the rate of population growth will keep on slowing. This is true for every country. In the west, we tend to overlook progress in other regions of the world. But actually most of the world’s countries have made it to the fourth stage. Just look at Bangladesh. In 1971, the average woman had 7 kids, but 25% of them would die before the age of 5. In 2015, the mortality rate was down to 3.8% and women had only 2.2 kids on average. This is the rule, not an exception, we’re not special, we just had a head start. It took developed countries about 80 years to reduce fertility from more than 6 children, to less than 3. Others are catching up fast. Malaysia and South Africa did it in only 34 years; Bangladesh took just 20. Iran managed it in 10 years. All these countries that are catching up didn’t have to start from scratch and the more support they get, the faster they catch up. This is why programs that help lower child mortality or help poor nations develop, are so important, No matter what your motivation is, whether you dream of a world where all people live in freedom and wealth, or you just want fewer refugees coming into your country, The simple truth is, that it’s beneficial to you personally if people on the other side of the globe can live a good life. And we are getting there, the percentage of people living in extreme poverty has never been as low as today. So the future of global population growth is not an apocalyptic prophecy, it’s a promise! Population growth will come to an end. The UN forecasts that the 12th billionth human will never be born at all. And as the development level of the world rises, the number of people a higher education will increase tenfold. Countries who used to be a need, will help advance development instead. More people is going to mean more people able to advance our species. This video was a collaboration with Max Roser and ourworldindata, where he explores the progress of humanity through research and data visualisation. Make sure to check it out! In 2016 we were able to make more and better content than ever before, because of your support on Patreon.com. Thank you so much and we will be back in the year 12,017.

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The Gulf Stream Explained

November 23, 2019

The ocean conveyor belt and
the Gulf Stream. Ocean currents have a direct
influence on our lives. They determine our weather, our
climate, and much more. The ocean currents and wind systems transport heat from the equator
to the poles and operate like a large engine
for the global climate. In the oceans, there are numerous
currents. The so-called ocean conveyor belt
is very important for our climate. This term describes a combination
of currents that result in four of the five global
oceans exchanging water with each other. They form a worldwide circulation system. The conveyor belt is also called the
thermohaline circulation, with “thermo” referring to
the temperature, and “haline” to the salt content
of the water. Both determine the density of the water. While the masses of water may be
moved in part by wind, primarily the different densities
of the global oceans are responsible for their movement. Warm water has a lower density and rises
while cold water sinks. The water’s density also increases with
a higher salt content. At the equator the heat from the
sun is especially strong, resulting in a lot of evaporation and
thus a rise in the water’s salt content. That is where the Gulf Stream begins. The Gulf Stream is very important
for the European climate. Its length of 10,000 km makes it one of
the largest and fastest currents on Earth, and it’s very warm. At roughly 2 m/s it brings up to
100,000,000 m³ of water per second towards Europe. A constantly blowing wind, the
southeast trade wind, drives warm surface water to
the northwest, into the Gulf of Mexico, where it heats up
to 30 °C. The turning of the Earth and the
west winds then direct the Gulf Stream towards Europe
and split it up. One part flows south, another east
to the Canary Current, and a third part flows north where
it releases a lot of heat into the atmosphere as the
North Atlantic Current. The water becomes colder there. Its salt content and density rise on
the account of evaporation and it drops down between
Greenland, Norway, and Iceland. There we also find the largest
waterfall on Earth. The so-called Chimneys, roughly 15-km-wide
pillars with water falling up to 4,000 m. 17,000,000 m³ of water per second, or
roughly 15 times more water than is carried by all the rivers in the world. This creates a strong maelstrom, which
constantly pulls in new water and is the reason that the Gulf Stream
moves towards Europe. Countless species use the Gulf Stream as a
means of transport on their trips from the Caribbean to northern areas. But it doesn’t just bring us animals; an enormous quantity of warm air also
comes with it. In order to produce the same heat that it
brings to the shores of Europe, we would need 1,000,000 nuclear
power plants. That’s why we also call the Gulf Stream
a heat pump. Without it, the temperature would
be significantly colder here, at least five to ten degrees. Instead of lush fields, we would have
long winters and sparse ice-covered landscapes in Europe. In the last few years, scientists and
pundits in the media have repeatedly expressed the fear that the Gulf Stream
could come to a standstill due to climate change. Because if the polar caps actually melt,
the salt content in the water off Greenland would fall, as would
its density. The North Atlantic Current would no longer
be heavy enough, and so it woundn’t sink as usual. In the worst case, that would bring the
Gulf Stream, our heat pump, to a stop. Some climate experts also assume that
climate change could compensate for this effect. We know that it can be normal for the
climate to change by looking at the development of the Earth
over the last few million years. There are ice ages and warm periods. In the last ice age, a gigantic flood of
melting water crippled the heat-bringing North Atlantic Current,
covering the northern hemisphere in ice. Scientists have different views on the
impact that climate change will have on the global ocean conveyor belt, but
one thing is clear: when the climate changes, then the complex
system of ocean currents and winds, which has remained fairly stable since the
last ice age, will change in ways that we don’t
yet understand. Subtitles by the Amara.org community

Articles, Blog

Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3

November 22, 2019

Have you ever been in an argument
about nuclear power? We have, and we found it
frustrating and confusing, so let’s try and get to grips
with this topic. [Intro] It all started in the 1940s. After the shock and horror of the war
and the use of the atomic bomb, nuclear energy promised to be a peaceful
spin-off of the new technology, helping the world get back on its feet. Everyone’s imagination was running wild. Would electricity become free? Could nuclear power help
settle the Antarctic? Would there be nuclear-powered cars,
planes, or houses? It seemed that this was just a few
years of hard work away. One thing was certain: the future
was atomic. Just a few years later, there was a sort
of atomic age hangover; as it turned out, nuclear power was very
complicated and very expensive. Turning physics into engineering
was easy on paper, but hard in real life. Also, private companies thought that
nuclear power was much too risky as an investment; most of them would much
rather stick with gas, coal, and oil. But there were many people who
didn’t just want to abandon the promise of the atomic age;
an exciting new technology, the prospect of enormously
cheap electricity, the prospect of being independent
of oil and gas imports, and, in some cases, a secret desire to
possess atomic weapons provided a strong motivation
to keep going. Nuclear power’s finest hour finally came
in the early 1970s, when war in the Middle East caused oil prices
to skyrocket worldwide. Now, commercial interest and investment
picked up at a dazzling pace. More than half of all the nuclear reactors
in the world were built between 1970 and 1985. But which type of reactor to build,
given how many different types there were to choose from? A surprising underdog candidate
won the day: the light water reactor. It wasn’t very innovative, and it wasn’t
too popular with scientists, but it had some decisive advantages: it was there, it worked, and it wasn’t
terribly expensive. So, what does a light water reactor do? Well, the basic principle is shockingly
simple: it heats up water using an artificial
chain reaction. Nuclear fission releases several million
times more energy than any chemical reaction could. Really heavy elements on the brink of
stability, like uranium-235, get bombarded with neutrons. The neutron is absorbed, but the result
is unstable. Most of the time, it immediately splits
into fast-moving lighter elements, some additional free neutrons, and
energy in the form of radiation. The radiation heats the surrounding water, while the neutrons repeat the process with other atoms, releasing more neutrons and radiation in a closely controlled chain reaction. Very different from the fast, destructive runaway reaction in an atomic bomb. In our light water reactor, a moderator
is needed to control the neutrons’ energy. Simple, ordinary water does the job, which
is very practical, since water’s used to drive the turbines anyway. The light water reactor became prevalent
because it’s simple and cheap. However, it’s neither the safest, most
efficient, nor technically elegant nuclear reactor. The renewed nuclear hype lasted barely
a decade, though; in 1979, the Three Mile Island nuclear
plant in Pennsylvania barely escaped a catastrophe when
its core melted. In 1986, the Chernobyl catastrophe
directly threatened Central Europe with a radioactive cloud, and in 2011
the drawn-out Fukushima disaster sparked new discussions and concerns. While in the 1980s 218 new nuclear power
reactors went live, their number and nuclear’s global share of
electricity production has stagnated since the end of the ’80s. So what’s the situation today? Today, nuclear energy meets around 10% of
the world’s energy demand. There are about 439 nuclear reactors
in 31 countries. About 70 new reactors are under
construction in 2015, most of them in countries
which are growing quickly. All in all, 116 new reactors are
planned worldwide. Most nuclear reactors were built more than
25 years ago with pretty old technology. More than 80% are various types of
light water reactor. Today, many countries are faced with
a choice: the expensive replacement of the aging reactors, possibly with more
efficient, but less tested models, or a move away from nuclear power towards
newer or older technology with different cost and environmental
impacts. So, should we use nuclear energy? The pro and contra arguments will be
presented here next week. Subscribe, and then you won’t miss it! Our channel has a new sponsor:
Audible.com. If you use the URL
, you can get a free audiobook and
support our channel. Producing our videos takes a lot of time,
and we fill a lot of it by listening to audiobooks. For a really entertaining book,
we recommend “Into Thin Air” by Jon Krakauer. He’s a great writer, and the story is
really absorbing and true. Go toto get
the book for free. Thanks a lot to Audible for supporting our
channel and to you for watching! Subtitles by the Amara.org community

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